Assessment of Water Management in Enhancing Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Performance for Pb2+ Heavy Metal Remediation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54153/sjpas.2026.v8i1.1192Keywords:
Water, Remediation,, Heavy metal,, Helianthus annuus L.Abstract
This study, conducted at Bakrajo Technical Institute (2021–2022), examines factors affecting bioremediation of lead (Pb²⁺) using two sunflower species, Lemon Queen and Mammoth Russian. A randomized complete block design (CRD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the effects of species, water types, moisture depletion, and their interactions on Pb²⁺ bioremediation and translocation. Results show significant effects of species (p = 0.00047), water types (p = 0.001), and their interaction (p = 0.001) on the bioremediation factor (BAF Pb²⁺), highlighting their importance in improving Pb²⁺ removal by sunflowers. Moisture depletion also significantly impacted Pb²⁺ remediation (p = 0.036), but higher-order interactions, such as species × moisture depletion and water types × moisture depletion, were not significant. The study also found that species and water types significantly influenced Pb²⁺ translocation (F = 6071.850, p = 0.00016), root Pb²⁺ concentration (p = 0.002), and soil Pb²⁺ levels (F = 451.077, p = 0.002). Additionally, species and water types significantly affected potassium (K⁺) uptake in roots (F = 601664.1, p < 0.0001), while moisture depletion had little effect. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate species and water management for optimizing Pb²⁺ bioremediation
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